Kirsi Alm-Lytz: Leading Nuclear Safety and Inspiring Women in STEM at the IAEA

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) continues to highlight the diverse career paths of its employees through profiles aimed at inspiring readers—especially women—to pursue careers in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) or related fields. One standout example is Kirsi Alm-Lytz, the head of the IAEA Regulatory Activities Section, whose journey from a childhood fascination with physics to a leading role in global nuclear safety embodies both dedication and the expanding opportunities for women in science.

From Childhood Curiosity to Nuclear Expertise

Kirsi Alm-Lytz’s passion for physics began at a young age. She recalls how the subject’s power to explain phenomena—from planetary motion to particle behavior—captivated her imagination. Though she initially dreamed of becoming an architect, her growing interest in physics ultimately guided her career toward nuclear regulation.

“I remember when I was a kid, becoming an architect was once my dream, but as my interest in physics grew, it guided me towards finding my career in nuclear regulation,” Alm-Lytz reflects. “We grow up with visions of who we might become, but along the way, new paths unfold, sometimes unexpectedly, sometimes beautifully.”

After completing a Master of Science degree in engineering physics with a focus on plasma physics and nuclear technologies, Alm-Lytz undertook her first nuclear power plant outage inspection at Finland’s Loviisa nuclear power plant at the age of 24. This early experience shaped her commitment to nuclear safety and sparked a desire to contribute more deeply to the field.

Pioneering Nuclear Safety in Finland

Motivated to play an active role in her country’s nuclear sector, Alm-Lytz joined Finland’s Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) as a nuclear safety inspector. Over the years, she assumed a range of roles—from inspector to assistant director—and in 2013, was appointed Director of the Department of Nuclear Reactor Regulation. In this leadership position, she oversaw the safety of Finland’s operational and under-construction nuclear power plants, led a major renewal of Finnish nuclear safety regulations, and engaged in international regulatory cooperation.

“Kirsi has a unique ability to inspire and empower her team, leading to remarkable results,” praised Petteri Tiippana, Director General of STUK.

Taking Nuclear Safety to the Global Stage

In 2022, after more than two decades safeguarding Finland’s nuclear facilities, Alm-Lytz took on a new challenge as head of the IAEA Regulatory Activities Section. In this international role, she coordinates efforts to develop effective regulatory frameworks that ensure nuclear safety worldwide.

“My work at the IAEA allows me to support people from all countries, in ensuring the safety of their nuclear facilities,” Alm-Lytz explained. “This role is very rewarding, and it validates all the hard work and effort we put in. We believe that we contribute to global nuclear safety.”

One of the most fulfilling parts of her job is collaborating with countries through technical meetings, events, and IAEA regulatory peer review missions. Drawing on her extensive experience as a reviewer and participant in IAEA activities, Alm-Lytz values the diversity of perspectives and the collective responsibility that drives international nuclear safety efforts.

“There’s a true sense of collective responsibility when it comes to nuclear safety, and the willingness to learn from each other has been a constant source of inspiration,” she said.

Addressing Gender Imbalance in Physics

Reflecting on her university days, Alm-Lytz recalls that women were a distinct minority in her engineering physics program—often outnumbered by about 100 men to a few women. She believes many young girls have the capability to excel in physics but often hesitate to pursue it due to social and cultural barriers.

“I strongly believe that many young girls are more than capable of excelling in physics, yet often shy away from pursuing it,” she said, emphasizing the importance of role models and supportive environments.

The IAEA’s Commitment to Gender Equality and Women in Nuclear

The IAEA actively promotes gender equality and supports initiatives to encourage women’s participation in nuclear sciences. In 2020, the Agency launched the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Fellowship Programme (MSCFP) to provide scholarships for women pursuing master’s degrees in nuclear-related fields. More recently, in March 2023, the IAEA introduced the Lise Meitner Programme, offering early- and mid-career women multiweek training visits to nuclear facilities worldwide, fostering skills development and professional growth.

These programs are part of a broader commitment to ensure that all individuals, regardless of gender, can contribute equally to the peaceful use of nuclear technology and benefit from career opportunities in STEM and adjacent disciplines.

Inspiring Future Generations

Kirsi Alm-Lytz’s career is a powerful example of how passion, expertise, and leadership can contribute to global nuclear safety and inspire the next generation of women scientists and engineers. Her story underscores the IAEA’s mission to support diversity in STEM and highlights the expanding roles women can play in shaping a safer, more sustainable future through nuclear technology.