Birds Unite: The 'Universal Word' Against Brood Parasites

Melbourne, Oct 6 (The Conversation) — Language is a powerful tool enabling humans to connect and accomplish extraordinary tasks. While the ability to link arbitrary sounds to specific meanings is common in human language, it is rare in animal communication. However, birds, chimpanzees, dolphins, and elephants have demonstrated similar capabilities. Despite this, the origins of such vocalization abilities remain largely mysterious.

In an innovative study published in Nature Ecology and Evolution, researchers reveal the first-known animal vocalization blending instinctive and learned elements — a concept once envisioned by naturalist Charles Darwin. This call is primarily observed in birds confronting the threat of brood parasites like cuckoos. Brood parasites lay their eggs in other birds' nests, forcing unsuspecting hosts to raise their young.

Around the globe, over 20 bird species exhibit a particular call when detecting brood parasites. This call has evolved to communicate specific threats, fostering cooperation among different species in response to the shared menace of brood parasitism. Significantly, this vocalization represents a midpoint between typical animal communication and human language.

(With inputs from agencies.)